Saturday 5 January 2013

Pests in winter



Contrary to what many people believe, pests do not disappear in winter. What is certain is that no longer seen in many places but this does not mean they've exterminated but simply took refuge from inclement weather.

The winter pest cockroaches and rodents

When winter comes the cold, snow, rain and low temperatures especially, rats, mice and cockroaches leave the streets and drains to seek refuge inside our homes, where they are given the necessary conditions to live and reproduce .

Keep in mind that within our homes, using heating are creating an artificial climate conducive to the development of such pests. That is why despite suffering from cold waves, snow, rain, etc.. People still have problems with cockroaches and rats or mice.

Pests in winter usually take refuge in the roof air chambers

Rodents overcoat will try shelter inside the air chamber roof. This occurs due to the escape of drains, can find a rabbet (elbow downspout connection between our house and the drain collector general) that is defective or broken, accessing the slot that has the false column constructed that pass the riser pipe, so rodents enter our inner tubes, using them to nest and breed.

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Plagues of rats, know your enemy



The rats and / or mice travel around the world, and trust are resistant to heat and boats have become the best means of transportation for them.

The adaptability of the rats and their attraction to waste, become assiduous visitors and inhabitants of landfills and sewers, but also of gardens and countryside.

Although there are rodents that cause rejection of the collective unconscious with just name them, are not created exquisite ... prefer sweets, dairy, meats and grains away ... so you are a frequent presence in homes.
Not only transmitted diseases but, and this is an aspect that is not commonly known, the rats produced the deterioration of housing, rodents are destructive .

And if, as we mentioned, droppings and debris left in its wake, to contact people carry diseases that can be of high severity.

If we determined that we have the invaluable visit these rodents, the best we can do is keep household cleaning, use disinfectants and seals for food sources and of course for trash

The best way to prevent rats nest in our homes is to be very careful with the trash, always covered and insulated.

Similarly, special attention to the gardens , where they feel at home so the invites to proliferate, which make very frequent, avoid careless herbs, bushes and shrubs too big and lush and the accumulation of waste they are attractive to rodents.

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Plagues of rats and mice: associated diseases and recommendations to combat


Plagues of rats and mice: associated diseases and recommendations to combat

Just 22 days gestation are necessary for the reproduction of rats and mice, give birth between 8 and 10 pups more and they can reproduce once a month.

Rats are starting to be annoying at night when everything gnaw at your fingertips , leaving traces of excrement wherever he goes and having fun especially where there is food.

Rats and mice are very dangerous and harmful to health , due to gravity and lack of treatments for the diseases they transmit, they are considered a major pest to treat.

DETECTION rats or mice
If you find that you have a plague of mice or rats, do not hesitate to consult a specialist, who - after carrying out a study on the type of rat or mouse that has invaded their space methods applied are there in the industry today and its new technologies, Clamps, electronics, etc..

And meanwhile ... routinely disinfect spaces that may have traveled a mouse, keep children away from infected stays and, if possible, do not forget the "Grandma's advice" par excellence, put a cat in life ... the presence of felines repels rats and mice.

Control of a plague of rats



Control a rat infestation is no easy task, and in most cases require the assistance of a qualified, specialized companies.

Control methods of a plague of rats are varied. We can distinguish two groups: chemical methods and chemical methods.

Non-chemical methods include the classic traps for rats and mice, trying to block any access to the affected area, use ultrasound to scare away rodents, etc..

Chemical methods focus on the use of poisonous substances for rats and mice, rodenticides, rats or kills the known rodenticides. There are many products rodenticides in different forms: liquid, granules, blocks, etc.. Their effectiveness varies from one to another, but always be more effective slow acting those products. An example are the rodenticides, rat poison, anticoagulants. This product affects the blood coagulation resulting in the death of the rodent bait far, and therefore, without the rest of the animal arrives at death associated with the presence of said bait. Some products of this type are: Brodifacoum and Flocoumafen. Baits should be placed in the walkways, driveways usually busy, and anywhere near nesting.

EXTERMINATE Rats and Mice



We used warfarin sometimes a poison that kills rats, but for genetic reasons some are resistant to the substance and after being exposed to it survive, multiply and transmit that gene to other generations. Therefore be investigated in new substances that rats do not generate this resistance.

Rats have a negative responsiveness to unfamiliar foods.

To control pests is very useful to use snap traps and glue boards baited helping to exterminate rodents. The bait mousetraps are made permanent with anticoagulant baits, begin to take effect from the 4th day, but from ingest the bait there is a loss of vitality perceived movements in rats. These products contain the trap are less harmful to humans (children) and pets, toxicity is related to the weight of consuming it, are made with a bitter substance that makes it unacceptable for humans, leading a special ink that stains the mucus of children and pets in case of ingestion is discovered visually and combat with vitamin K. 

 The trap of glue boards continuous tray adhesive is a non-toxic, rat where the tread is retained, may be used in bait depositing half of the tray. Place the trap on the road regularly used by or near rodent nests or mousetraps. It is known that in some places, Rats tend to drag their food into the corners, where they eat, they are forced priming points.

 Is important to ward off rats eliminating sources of food and garbage inside the home, pet store food and seeds in airtight plastic and hard. Put screens on windows and doors open normally, whenever mansard roofs are not allowed to plant vines or trees access to the roof.

Keep the house clean



The average profile of the client requesting the services of pest control companies corresponds mostly to young women living in cities. They are more concerned with household disinfection, especially if they are pregnant or have young children.

Dogs, cats or other pets are prone to attack by fleas, ticks and chiggers. Use specific shampoos, collars change regularly so assiduous or mow the bushes and lawn are effective remedies to prevent pests. The food and animal feed must be packed in tightly closed metal containers stored at some point and never outdoors.

To prevent pests should take extra hygiene measures, ventilate the house, throwing spoiled food or expired and not leave food scraps on countertops or scattered around the house. It should also observe the waste accumulation areas, weeds or debris near the home and give notice to the cleaning services to be picked up.

Tips to keep the house clean
To prevent pests must be taken to keep the house clean, neat and airy. To do this, at least once a month, should do a thorough cleaning.

A house is not a store, so it is convenient to throw everything that is not used or not used.
Save boxes clothes, shoes, books and other supplies that are not used often.

Pass the vacuuming and dusting every corner (baseboards, door frames, lamps, curtains, carpets, and even mattresses) to kill the mites.

Clean the glass windows and mopping the floors.

Disinfect with diluted bleach baths (especially, the toilet and bathtub) and kitchen (with special attention to the oven, the microwave and the hood).

Empty the refrigerator and clean it thoroughly inside (shelves, racks and freezer) with warm water and mild soap.

Key actions for eliminate a pest



Disinfection

Sanitation is a technique to destroy pathogens (bacteria, virus and fungi) by spraying and spraying chemicals. This is to maintain the levels of microbial contamination within the limits considered acceptable from the point of view of health.

The household disinfection is often chemical agents that are toxic to microorganisms, but have minimal impact to humans and the environment. Microdifusor by an apparatus, the disinfectant is emitted fragmented into very small droplets which are distributed uniformly through all the points of the house.

Disinsection
Disinfection companies gradually replace chemical pesticides (biocides) by other methods with equal effectiveness, but low impact on the environment and health. Disinsection aims to eliminate insects, for which we must take into account several factors:

Recognize the type of arthropod.
Determine their distribution, life history, behavior and estimate their density.
Choosing a specific pesticide and perform the treatment at the place where the pest is more sensitive.
Always attempts to use the least amount of chemical insecticide to kill insect pests and, if possible, and gels are used pheromone traps, with respect to the environment and the health of people.

Deratting

Before treatment, the homes are subjected to detailed inspection to find possible ways of entry of rodents. The aims deratting removing rats and mice from a particular place to minimize the impact on the man. It can be understood from two different aspects:

Deratting passive defense is the technique that prevents rodents enter, live and proliferate in the home.
The active rodent control: integrated by physical, chemical and biological. Your goal is to control rodent populations.

Eliminate a pest at home



Disinfection can save considerable time healthcare costs, economic and environmental

Pest, disease-carrying

All pests are potential contaminants and, in many cases, can transmit diseases to the inhabitants of a house. A clogged drain, a bad crack sealed , accumulation of garbage and spoiled food or poor hygiene are often the gateway for insects and rodents from entering the home . If you consider that these animals carry in your digestive tract, skin and paws, pathogenic, which may be deposited on food and everyday objects, the risk to the health of the people is more than evident.

A clogged drain or a poorly sealed crack can be the gateway of insects and rodents
In a globalized society, where physical boundaries are no obstacle to the expansion of harmful species, it is essential to control pests effectively. Increased tourism and international trade liberalization in recent years have allowed many pathogens crossing continents as easily as people. The work of companies disinfection and pest control is critical because timely action can save substantial healthcare costs, economic and environmental.

How to act

Professionals in the field of disinfection of houses argue that to achieve the effectiveness of a pest control must take into account three aspects:

They should make a diagnosis of the area affected by the pest to identify and classify the species to be fighting.

They have to identify the factors conducive to their development and inspecting critical control points.
We need to establish the necessary remedial measures:

Physical measures to prevent the entry of insects and rodents and an optimal level of cleanliness to prevent the spread of the pest.

Biological measures: use products that ensure biological pest control.

Chemical measures: use different compounds which are chosen according to the characteristics of the surface in question, the plague that is to combat the conditions of temperature and moisture, etc.

Rules to prevent pests at home



Ants and their sweet tooth 
The most common species, the garden ant, not usually carry diseases. Anyway, as it is impossible to know where they've been looking for food before going into our kitchens, it is important to follow a series of steps to prevent their walks pantry. We should note that most ants come into our homes in search of food, attracted by the sweet, therefore we must avoid letting them leeway to get it. This is achieved by covering all food, cleaning up any spills immediately or leftover food and especially well by sealing garbage bags. Furthermore, it must collect food scraps from pets end up as dinner. 

Bedbugs move using our pockets 
This pest is becoming a major problem in many developed countries, given their rapid expansion and difficult treatment. Your access to homes is usually produced using clothing or furniture inside as transportation, so we must take special care not to facilitate their movement. Another of the most common ways to sneak into our homes is through the cavities that may be on the wall or the floor. So, the neighbor has bedbugs will have to be very careful and avoid letting any gaps that invite to enter. 

Cockroaches, carry disease 
This is one of the most common pests in homes and also may cause more diseases like salmonella, gastroenteritis, typhoid fever or asthma. As if this were not enough, emit an unpleasant smell that contaminates food and objects with which it comes in contact. 

His playing is so fast and resist both the need to act as swiftly as possible to prevent it from colonizing everything. First, seal all holes well that may be a gateway to home for these insects. But if there is one in the best way to kill them is to prevent access to food or water. So, it will be convenient to store food in airtight plastic containers, clean any food and be careful with storing dirty clothes. 

Recipes to clean the house without chemicals



While the companies that manufacture cleaning products denials, several studies have suggested a connection between these products and certain health problems . So many people prefer to buy organic or green, but unfortunately these tend to cost more money and sometimes do not perform well. But cleaning does not have to be toxic or expensive: almost the whole house can be cleaned (and disinfected) with three or four common and inexpensive ingredients.

Floors
Dissolve three tablespoons of baking soda in two quarts of warm water. Add half a cup of vinegar and two teaspoons of pine essential oil. The combination of vinegar and baking soda is disinfectant and pine essential oil. If you need an antifungal solution, you can also add a teaspoon of essential oil of citronella and other essential oil of lavender . If you find it more convenient, you can make a larger quantity to bottle the mixture, you can save up to three months in a cool dark place. Shake the mixture well before using. The amounts of oil can be adjusted to your tastes, keeping at least 10 drops of each.


Bath and shower
Use the same mixture as flooring. To wash a tub or shower tiles moldy, wet the surface with the floor cleaner and then cover it with baking soda or borax, leave a few minutes and scrub with a sponge or brush.

Windows
Instead of buying a chemical cleaner for windows in your house, you can use water and sheets of newspaper. Dip a piece of newspaper and scrub the glass, then dry it with another sheet of dry newspaper.

If the glass is very soiled, you can use a sponge with soap or baking soda and water and then clean with newspaper.

Domestic natural pest control - Rat



Thoroughly clean the spaces where you keep the food as cabinets or stores. Also keep spaces clean under the stove, refrigerator, dishwasher, etc.. Keep garbage in tightly covered jars, if you feed birds or pet store it in containers that can be tightly sealed. Wash the dishes (including the pets) and kitchen surfaces (bar, stove, sink) before bedtime to get everything clean, so food is not tempting for roaches and mice, which are nocturnal. Pulling a little sugar or honey in the day, clean it immediately to avoid attracting ants, flies, wasps and other bugs that look sweet things.

In places with very high or low temperatures, insects and rodents can also enter your home looking for a more comfortable place where not too hot or cold.

Sella well your home, so you eliminate the places where they can get insects and rodents. That can be quite difficult, considering the size of ants, for example, and the fact that a mouse can fit through a hole an inch or less. So it may be better to go to an expert to do it effectively.

Fleas and ticks - very difficult to avoid



Fleas and ticks - very difficult to avoid

Fleas and ticks are very difficult to avoid, because there are usually people standing outside the house, and they are very resistant to pesticides. If you have a pet, wash with soap and warm water can help fully immerse (leaving his head out of the water, of course!) For five minutes to drown the fleas, as well wash your neck, head and ears (flea treated reaching the head because it is out of the water.) then dry it well and spray with an infusion of rosemary, citronella, or eucalyptus. To make the tea, you can use fresh or dried leaves, or not having access to the plant, you can add five drops of essential oil of any of these plants to a pint of warm water.

During flea season, hopes the house frequently and do not forget to wash your pet bed.

Mosquitos / Mosquito - installing insect screen



Apart from installing insect screen, you can use citronella candles for mosquitoes not anywhere near the area. For the skin, there are several types of natural repellents you can buy, if you want something very strong can use creams for muscle pain as Tiger Balm (Tiger Balm) whose main ingredients are camphor and menthol. Eye! Do not use these creams on the face or other sensitive areas. Always follow the product directions.

To prevent mosquito breeding, prevents water from pooling around your house. Remove the containers and plastic bags , tires, buckets and other surfaces that can be filled with water from rain or dew. Keep the things you need in a roof or put them upside down so they do not collect water, what is garbage to be thrown away or buried, if for some reason this is impossible, can pierce to drain the water.

Flies - invasion of flies in the yard



The best way to prevent flies and mosquitoes in the house is to install mesh screens on the doors and windows and ensure that this does not have holes. To treat an invasion of flies in the yard can use a trap. There are several styles that you can get at hardware stores or supermarkets, or you can make a homemade trap. The simplest is made ​​by cutting strips of recycled paper (can be paper, notebook paper, paper gift , etc.) and brushing with honey or syrup.

Another option is to cut the neck of a soda bottle, invert to form a funnel into the bottle and stick well, leaving something sweet in the bottle (you can leave some of the same drink.) So flies enter through the funnel but can not find the exit. If you do not like seeing all the dead flies that accumulate in the bottle, you can paint the bottom half of the bottle of black or other opaque paint used. It is important to let the top unpainted because flies fly into the light. If you paint the entire bottle, the light will only part out!

Domestic natural pest control specific strategies - Ants



The ants forage individually and when they find release special chemicals to attract and guide other ants. So if you have an invasion of ants is very useful to clean all surfaces where they were going to clear the chemical traces they left behind.

If you know where they are going but you can not cover it, you can apply various oils or powders that repel ants. For example, these insects shun talcum powder, laundry soap, or cayenne pepper (cayenne Watch as eye irritation!) You can also spray the surface where they are going with fresh garlic or juice lemon, leaving a shell of the same time.

In certain seasons (spring and fall mainly when just going to change the climate) ants are large-scale removals. This may seem worrisome, because suddenly you can see millions of ants crawling up the wall or floor, inside or outside the house. But these are times when you should you worry less. Let pass, most likely not be in an hour not a single sign that they were there. If you disturb the worse, because they can lose their way and end up settling in your house, what besides attacking approach them! If you find you are staying at home, the easiest way to eradicate them is to use the vacuum.

Pest control - specific strategies for Cockroaches


It is said that when you die all other species on the planet, the cockroaches will live ... Although they are nasty and annoying, the worst thing you can do with cockroaches is to apply chemical insecticides. Cockroaches reproduce constantly, a habit that makes them very adaptable to changes in their environment, including poisons. Some people would say that the war against cockroaches is one that simply can not be won. Regardless if they are right or not, it is best to enter the battle with weapons that at least do not hurt you or your family.

Ask a roach trap: Put a piece of raw potato in a glass bottle (if she had milk, juice, soft drink or something else equally sticky, the better.) Grease the inside of the bottle neck for that cockroaches can enter but not exit .

Make balls cockroach repellents: wearing gloves, make a mixture of boric acid, flour , sugar and beer. Form balls and leave them in places where you've seen roaches. Proportions do not matter much, only that boric acid should be the main ingredient.

Apply boric acid powder or paste: Apply a very thin layer (barely visible) in places where cockroaches hide like under the stove, refrigerator and dishwasher. Serves not apply in larger quantities. Boric acid is a strong acid and therefore should not be used on food preparation surfaces or places within the reach of children. You can buy it at a hardware store or some supermarkets.


What is annoying to have an invasion of insects in the house! Fortunately, there are both old and new strategies to eliminate these pests home. Here is a collection of methods to get rid of cockroaches, ants, flies, mosquitoes, moths and fleas without using chemicals or insecticides.


If other strategies do not work, there are chemical traps for cockroaches. These products contain toxic but the way they minimize the possibility of contact with pets, children and adults. These traps are a tiny charolitas with stones that are toxic to cockroaches. They get under the sink, stove, refrigerator, etc.. and is much better than using an insecticide general.

Wednesday 10 October 2012

Camera megapixels: Why more isn't always better (Smartphones Unlocked)




It's time to forget megapixels as the measure of smartphone camera performance and pick a new yardstick.

Just days ago, Samsung announced the Samsung Galaxy S III, the global, quad-core, Android Ice Cream Sandwich successor to its best-selling smartphone ever, the Galaxy S II.

CNET readers' reactions were mixed, with several comments that the 8-megapixel camera didn't seem too hot.

Rumors of a 12-megapixel camera leading up to the announcement were partly to blame. It's no wonder that some felt that a perfectly good 8-megapixel spec was taking a step back, especially with the 16-megapixel shooter on the HTC Titan II out in the wild, and Nokia's 41-megapixel 808 PureView, a Mobile World Congress stunner.

Despite the fact that 8 megapixels is pretty standard for a high-end smartphone camera these days, one CNET reader described the Samsung Galaxy S III's camera as "so last year." Never mind that at least one high-end phone, like the Samsung Galaxy Nexus, still touts a 5-megapixel camera.

It isn't that 5-megapixel cameras can't be good, even better than phones with an 8-megapixel count lens; or that we're due for another bump along the megapixel scale. It's that to many shoppers, 5 megapixels just doesn't sound as good as 8, even if the camera produces terrific, knock-your-socks-off shots. And well, if 8 is good, then 12 is better.

The dirty secret lurking behind today's 8-megapixel yard stick for high-end status (and what any photography nut will tell you) is that the megapixel number alone is a poor way to predict photographic performance.

For instance, the original Samsung Focus took some lovely shots on its 5-megapixel camera, while the Motorola Droid Razr's 8-megapixel lens creates disappointing pictures. And the 5-megapixel camera on Apple's iPhone 4 beat out some 8-megapixel cameras on the market and delivered good low-light results.

Of course, that's not to say that bigger can't also be sometimes better. For instance, HTC's One X high-performance 8-megapixel smartphone camera boasts rapid shot-to-shot action, and its Titan II takes 16-megapixel shots of solid quality.

So what's the formula for fantastic photos? It involves an entire camera module that includes not just the size and material of the main camera lens, but also the light sensor behind it, the image processor, and the software that ties it all together.

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The fallacy of megapixel - megapixels camera


Internet Giant Social Media - The fallacy of megapixels

You can start to see that cramming more pixels onto a sensor may not be the best way to increase pixel resolution.

Jon Erensen, a Gartner analyst who has covered camera sensors, remembers when the cell phone industry jumped from 1-megapixel to 2-megapixel sensors.

"They would make the pixel sizes smaller [to fit in more pixels]," Erensen told me over the phone, "But keep the image sensor the same." Erensen similarly used the water analogy, this time swapping "buckets" for "wells."

What ended up happening is that the light would go into the well and hit the photo-sensitive part of the image sensor capturing the light. So if you make the wells smaller, the light has a harder time getting to the photo-sensitive part of the sensor. In the end, increased resolution wasn't worth very much. Noise increased.

The relationship between the number of pixels and the physical size of the sensor is why some 5-megapixel cameras can outperform some 8-megapixel cameras, and why we may not see, or want, a 12-megapixel camera on a smartphone. A slim smartphone limits the sensor size for one, and moving up the megapixel ladder without increasing the sensor size can unnecessarily degrade the photo quality by letting in less light than you could get with slightly fewer megapixels.

Then again, drastically shrunken pixel sizes aren't always the case when you increase your megapixels. HTC's Bjorn Kilburn, vice president of portfolio strategy, did share that the pixel size on the 16-megapixel Titan II measures 1.12 microns whereas it measures 1.4 microns on the One X's 8-megapixel camera. CNET's Josh Goldman points out that this is a small pixel size; however the take-away in terms of this discussion is that the two similar sizes mean that photo quality should be comparable at a pixel-by-pixel comparison.

Unfortunately, most smartphone-makers don't share granular detail about their camera components and sensor size, so until we test them, the quality is largely up in the air. Even if smartphone makers did release the details, I'm not sure how scrutable those specs would be to the majority of smartphone shoppers.

For more information on the interplay between megapixels and sensors, check out the excellent description in CNET's digital camera buying guide.

What about Nokia's 41-megapixel PureView?

Nokia's story behind its 808 PureView smartphone is really interesting. CNET Senior Editor Josh Goldman has written one of the best explanations of the Nokia 808 Pureview's 41-megapixel camera that I've seen. I strongly suggest you read it.

In the meantime, here's a short summary of what's going on.

Juha Alakarhu (pronounce his first name YOO-hah), is head of camera technologies at Nokia, where he works within the Smart Devices team. Alakarhu explained to me that although Nokia has engineered the PureView to capture up to 41-megapixels, most users will view photos as the 5-megapixels default.
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Crytek Rasmus Hojengaard on Crysis 3 - Interview at Gameplanet New Zealand


Gameplanet: Is it necessary for Crysis to be synonymous with pushing the limits of hardware technology?

Rasmus Hojengaard I think we would probably be challenging some of Crytek's pillars if we didn't do that. The value you get from pushing these things is different now from what it was ten years ago. But it's part of our DNA. Even if people aren't conscious about doing it, it'll just happen anyway. There is benefit in it, and there needs to be companies that try to push things, because it sets an example for others to follow and benchmark from, and that rewards the whole industry.

One of the things we're trying to do now is push things we weren't pushing before, but that's not to say we wouldn't push things that haven't part of Crytek's DNA from the start.

Gameplanet: The original Crysis was fairly brutal on PC hardware, are you saying that won't occur with Crysis 3?

Crysis 3's senior creative director Rasmus Hojengaard. Hojengaard: The hardware and software today is a little more structured. DirectX 10 and 11 certainly give us possibilities to streamline things, and scale things in a way that wasn't possible in the original. So yes, we definitely want to have stuff in the game that you need the biggest beast to support fully, but we really want to have medium specifications that support maybe 85, 90 percent of that fidelity, that visual quality. So part of that is making sure that the artwork itself, the art direction itself, is great. That means that even if you can't use all the features, you're still going to get something that looks awesome. It's something that means a lot more to us in this game than it did in previous games.

The answer is yes, we want to do that, but also no, we don't want it to be an elitist type of game where you can't get a good experience without a nuclear power plant.

Gameplanet: The art direction appears pretty diverse, how did you manage to find seven different types of rainforest to depict?

Hojengaard: What we did was we sat down and researched the concepts of the rainforests, and there were a lot more than seven. There were Amazon-type rivers, misty mountain tops, canyons that maybe slope in a different way. Then we'd have to look at which ones potentially could support our gameplay formula, and which ones fit the architectural and geometrical layout of New York City, and that's how we picked the seven different diverse areas.

All this allows changes to gameplay that we didn't have before. We didn't have the ability to almost artificially approach this because we didn't have this setting of being underneath a dome that has its own ecosystem that would affect the world in a way that the sun doesn't. So it's a great marriage of high-tech and low-tech; the low-tech in mother nature taking effect, but it's controlled by high-tech. 

We believe the amount we're pushing New York will really resonate with people because it's going to be very clear that we're not cutting any corners by going back to New York again. We're actually putting it in a different context for you, so that people will go, "Wow, I have not seen this with Times Square", or, "Wow, I did not recognise that church, because I didn't realise those spikes aren't actually trees, they're church spires". So that kind of recognition is something that really gives us a unique visual language, and we haven't explored like that before. We've explored those elements before, but not combined them. And it's a lot of research work!

Gameplanet: So how does the nanodome make the interior grow faster?
Hojengaard: Basically this nanotechnology is somehow filtering the light to the surface from the sun, and it's manipulating it and changing the way that it works so that the ecosystem within the dome is very different to what you find outside. It basically just exaggerates what is already there. I can't give you an engineering explanation as to how this works; we'll probably explain in more detail how it works but we're not doing that just yet. But in theory what you get is a potentially naturally occurring thing on speed, if you will. Overgrowth that would normally take hundreds of years happening in 20 years.

This only affects vegetation, so it's not going to change animals, but the distribution of animals will change. Maybe you'll have a hundred frogs instead of five frogs, but it's important for us that it doesn't feel like a fantasy setting. It needs to have tactical elements and a tactical feel to it. So that's kind of how we're defining how far we can push this stuff.

Gameplanet: You were quick to point out the new water features, what kind of work have you done in this area?

Hojengaard: Well, the engine helps, but it's also about picking out very smart ways of creating water drama, like things that flow, and waterfalls. One side of that is technical, of course, but another is just being smart about how you process things. Let me give you an example – I know this isn't Crysis but when you have waterfalls in Skyrim, it's the same technology, so you need to have equal investment in the assets you use to produce this as well as the technology that drives it. So we're focussing on both things, and to be fair, we do have a lot of experience building tropical environments, so we know what we're doing. We're just iterating on that further, and pushing it even more. Later on in the year you'll see examples of that particular thing that are much more evident of what we've done exactly.

Gameplanet: We've seen the new addition to the suit: hacking. Can you give us an example of how this works later in the game?

Hojengaard: I can't give you a complete example, but what I can say though is that the idea is that the complexity should not be in the hacking itself, the complexity should be in what stuff you're hacking, and at what point. It's about the diversity of this and how you use it, rather than how you use each individual thing. We don't want to have a weird mini-game where you have to connect pipes and type a secret number, we want it to be the strategy of hacking. The suit is so technical it would obviously do that for you if you told it what to hack.

It's going to scale a lot, what you saw now is only a small-scale of what this will eventually grow to over the course of the game.

Gameplanet: Being able to shoot out of stealth is also new, what have you added to counteract this ability?

Hojengaard: Well we obviously need to balance this, but one of the ways to do so is to limit the number of arrows you get. We have all the ways to tweak this, one being countermeasures in the enemies' arsenal, another being the location itself, how enemy placement is, or a combination of that in conjunction with countermeasures then obviously how many of these arrows you're going to have to shoot. Plus finding the right balance at each point in the game.

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Tuesday 21 August 2012

Workmen Compensation Act



Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923

This provides for compensation to workmen or their survivors in cases of industrial accidents and occupational diseases, resulting in disablement or death. The Act was recently amended and renamed as Employee Compensation Act, 1923. It covers persons employed in factories, mines, plantations, mechanically propelled vehicles, construction works and certain other hazardous occupations listed out in schedule II of the Act.

In addition, schedule III contains a list of diseases and persons in occupations where infection is possible. Qualifying persons are eligible to claim compensation under this Act. This law applies to the unorganized sectors and to those in the organized sectors who are not covered by the Employees State Insurance Scheme. The Act is administered by the State Governments through Commissioners for Workmen’s Compensation. The Commissioner is required to dispose of the matter relating to compensation within 3 months of reference.

Minimum Compensation in case of death is Rs. 120,000 and in the case of permanent total disablement is Rs. 140,000. The monthly wage ceiling is at present Rs.8, 000. Maximum compensation can go up to 50% of the monthly wage multiplied by relevant age factor as specified in the act.

Compensation should be paid early. Delay beyond 1 month will attract interest and penalty of up to 50% of the compensation. Certain other offenses attract fine of up to Rs. 5,000.In cases where the employer does not accept the liability for compensation to the extent claimed, he shall be bound to make provisional payment based on the extent of liability which he accepts.

Employer is not liable in case the disablement of workman is three or less days, except in case of death when the injury is caused due to influence of drink or drug taken by the workman or upon his willful disobedience to obey safety rules or removal of safety guards by him.

Maternity Benefit Act, 1961

The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 (MBA) regulates the employment of women in certain establishments for a prescribed period before and after childbirth and provides certain other benefits, including leave, to a woman who has undergone miscarriage, illness arising from pregnancy, and delivery and/or premature birth of a child. This is applicable for organizations not covered under ESI Act.

The Act provides for 12 weeks of paid leave as maternity leave and 6 weeks in case of miscarriage or termination of pregnancy. In addition to the provisions for leave and cash benefits, the Act also makes provisions for matters like light work for pregnant women 10 weeks prior to her delivery, nursing breaks during daily work till the child attends age of 15 months, etc.

The female employee should have served the institution for a minimum period of 80 days in 12 months preceding the date of expected delivery. The benefits are calculated on the basis of daily average wage for the period of absence of the employee. There is no wage limit for coverage under the Act.

The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (PGA)

It provides for the payment of gratuity to all employees earning wages to do any skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled, manual, supervisory, technical or clerical work, whether the terms of such employment are express or implied, and whether or not such employees are employed in a managerial or administrative capacity.

It applies to factories and other establishments employing ten or more persons. On completion of five years service, the employees are entitled to payment of gratuity of 15 days wages for every completed year of service or part thereof in excess of six months subject to a maximum of Rs.1 million. The wage ceiling for coverage under the Act has been removed since 24.05.1994.

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